关于中外合资、合作经营企业产品以产顶进办法(附英文)
国家计委
关于中外合资、合作经营企业产品以产顶进办法(附英文)
1987年10月19日，国家计委
关于中外合资合作经营企业产品以产顶进办法（国务院批准，国家计划委员会1987年10月19日发布）
第一条 根据《国务院关于鼓励外商投资的规定》，为鼓励外商投资兴办先进技术企业，帮助企业解决外汇收支平衡，特制定本办法。
第二条 本办法适用于能够提供国内需要的先进技术，从事新产品开发，实现产品 升级换代的生产型中外合资经营、合作经营企业（以下简称合资、合作企业）。
第三条 符合下列各项条件的，可申请以产顶进：
一、确属国内需要的技术先进型的合资、合作企业的产品，投产初期，在实现国产化进程中，外汇平衡出现暂时困难的；
二、上述企业生产的产品属于目前和今后几年中央、地方和部门需要进口的；
三、申请以产顶进的产品规格、性能、交货期和技术服务、培训应符合国内用户的需要，产品必须经过国家级产品质量检测中心鉴定，确认达到同类进口商品的质量标准，原则上价格不高于当时的国际市场价格。
第四条 凡要求以产顶进的企业，在申报项目建议书的同时，提出以产顶进的申请。在报送项目可行性研究报告时，必须明确合资、合作企业产品的内外销比例，以及国产化的进度，并对以产顶进的可行性（包括分年顶替进口的产品数量和外汇金额）进行充分论证或评估。
第五条 按分级管理原则，合资、合作企业产品申请以产顶进，分别由中央、地方（部门）两级审批。中央审批的限额以上项目需要以产顶进的，由国家计委审批；地方和部门审批的限额以下项目需要以产顶进的，由地方计委和部门自行审批。
第六条 由国家计委审批的限额以上项目的以产顶进：
一、凡已列入国家批准的中长期中央进口计划的商品，除去对外已签长期贸易协议和必须安排进口的以外，还有可能供以产顶进的，在审批可行性研究报告时，可预批中央进口计划期内的以产顶进。
二、没有列入中长期中央进口计划的商品，原则上不预批以产顶进。但在年度中央进口计划中有这类商品进口且能以产顶进时，企业可向国家计委提出申请，批准后，由经贸部办理只在当年有效的以产顶进手续。
三、没有列入中长期和年度中央进口计划的商品，如当年地方有进口，企业可向地方计委提出申请，经批准后，由地方经贸部门办理以产顶进手续。
第七条 由地方、部门审批的限额以下项目的以产顶进：
一、凡已列入本省、自治区、直辖市的中长期和年度进口计划内可供以产顶进的商品，可由省、自治区、直辖市计委参照中央的审批办法，预批和办理本地区进口计划期内的以产顶进。
二、没有列入本地区中长期或年度计划，但本地区或其他地区有进口的，可实行跨地区的以产顶进。企业可径向进口这一商品的省、自治区、直辖市计委申报，经批准后，由该省、自治区、直辖市经贸部门办理以产顶进手续。
三、部门用自有外汇进口的商品，企业可直接向该部门申请，经同意后，办理以产顶进手续。
第八条 上述经中央和地方计委（或部门）审批同意以产顶进的产品，属于在中长期进口计划内预批的，必须根据当年的进口计划情况，在年度中进一步核定落实。
凡经批准实行以产顶进的产品，国内用户在同等条件下，必须优先选用。
各级进口管理部门和进口审查部门，对合资、合作企业已能生产并符合以产顶进条件的产品，应指导和鼓励国内用户优先采购。
第九条 经批准的以产顶进产品，国内用户采购时，应按双方商定的条件，经国家外汇管理部门批准，向合资、合作企业支付全部或部分外汇。
第十条 机电产品的以产顶进，由国家经委制定并公布以产顶进目录和以产顶进管理办法，指导国内用户优先采购目录内的产品。
凡生产目录内产品的合资、合作企业可以参加中国机电设备招标中心（或经国家经委批准的招标公司）组织的进口机电设备招标，中标的企业，由该中心出具证明，实现以产顶进。
第十一条 合资、合作企业生产以产顶进产品所需进口的料、件，按《对外经济贸易部关于外商投资企业申领出口许可证的实施办法》第四条规定办理进口手续；上述产品供应给国内用户时，按海关总署《中华人民共和国海关对外商投资企业履行产品出口合同所需进口料、件管理办法》第五条规定办理。
第十二条 经批准其产品实行以产顶进的合资、合作企业，必须做到：
一、严格执行合同中规定的出口比例和国产化进程的要求；
二、必须努力使产品的技术性能和质量保持先进水平；
三、按合同规定的数量、时间交货，因交货时间、交货数量和产品质量等问题造成用户经济损失者，要承担相应的经济责任；
四、为用户提供优质服务。
第十三条 合资、合作企业的产品一俟批准以产顶进后，不能再重复将这部分产品纳入国产物资分配计划。
第十四条 本办法由国家计委负责解释。
第十五条 本办法自公布之日起实行。
附件 “七五”计划期间中央进口计划内可以实行以产顶进的商品目录
1、钢材 5、铝 9、木浆
2、生铁 6、锌 10、腈纶
3、木材 7、橡胶 11、锦纶
4、铜 8、化肥 12、人造丝
MEASURES CONCERNING THE SUBSTITUTION OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BYCHINESE- FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT VENTURES AND CHINESE-FOREIGN CONTRACTUALJOINT VENTURES FOR SIMILAR IMPORTED PRODUCTS
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES CONCERNING THE SUBSTITUTION OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY
CHINESE- FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT VENTURES AND CHINESE-FOREIGN CONTRACTUAL
JOINT VENTURES FOR SIMILAR IMPORTED PRODUCTS
(Approved by the State Council and promulgated by the State Plan-
ning Commission on October 19, 1987)
Article 1
These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Provisions of the
State Council Concerning the Encouragement of Foreign Investment, to
encourage foreign businessmen to invest in setting up technologically -
advanced enterprises, and to help enterprises in achieving a balance
between their foreign exchange earnings and expenditures.
Article 2
These Measures shall apply to Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures and
Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures of a production nature
(hereinafter referred to as joint ventures and contractual ventures) which
can provide advanced technologies China needs and are engaged in the
development of new products, thereby realizing the upgrading of products
and the replacement of old products with new ones.
Article 3
Enterprises with foreign investment that satisfy the following conditions
may apply to substitute their products for similar imported products:
(1) technologically-advanced joint ventures and contractual ventures whose
products are indeed needed in China, and which have, at the initial stage
of production, experienced some temporary difficulties in balancing their
foreign exchange earnings and expenditures in the course of realizing the
replacement of imported products with home-made ones;
(2) the products manufactured by enterprises mentioned above belong to the
categories of products the central departments, the localities and other
departments need to import at present and in the next few years;
(3) products that are recommended as substitutes for similar imported
products shall meet the needs of domestic users in specifications,
properties, the delivery time, technical services and technical training,
and undergo the appraisal conducted by the national testing center for the
quality of products, thereby confirming that the aforesaid products
measure up to the quality standard of similar imported goods; in
principle, the prices of the recommended products shall not be higher than
those of the international market at the time.
Article 4
Enterprises that recommend their products as substitutes for similar
imported goods shall make an application in that connection at the time
when they submit their project proposals. When they submit their project
feasibility study reports, they must state clearly in the reports the
proportion between domestic sales and export sales of the products
manufactured by the joint ventures and contractual ventures and the rate
of progress for the replacement of imported products with home-made ones;
moreover, they shall prove by an ample demonstration or appraise the
feasibility of substituting their products for similar imported ones
(including a statement concerning the annual quantity of their products to
be used to substitute for imported products and annual amount of foreign
exchange to be earned therefrom).
Article 5
Pursuant to the principle of administration at different levels, the
applications for the approval of using the products manufactured by the
joint ventures and contractual ventures to substitute for similar imported
goods shall be examined and approved respectively by the central competent
authorities and the local competent authorities (or departments). If items
above the norm examined and approved by the central competent authorities
need to be recommended as substitutes for similar imported products, the
matter shall be examined and approved by the State Planning Commission;
and the items below the norm examined and approved by the local competent
authorities (or departments) need to be recommended as substitutes for
similar imported products, the matter shall be examined and approved by
the local planning commissions or departments on their own.
Article 6
Import substitution to be effected in the items above the norm to be
examined and approved by the State Economic Planning Commission:
(1) of the goods which have been included in the Central Government's
medium-and long-term import plans approved by the State, except those on
which long-term import agreements have been concluded with foreign
countries, substitution for imports shall be approved in advance within
the Central Government's import plans if it is still possible that some of
the goods to be imported can be substituted with domestically -
manufactured products when the feasibility study reports are examined and
approved;
(2) substitution for goods which have not been included in the Central
Government's medium-and long-term import plans shall, in principle, not be
approved in advance. However, the enterprises may apply to the State
Planning Commission for using their products as substitutes for similar
imported products if such goods have been included in the Central
Government's annual import plans and are available for substitution with
home-made similar products. Once the applications are approved, the
Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall handle the
procedures for substituting home-made product for similar imported
products for the current year;
(3) with respect to those commodities which have not been included in the
Central Government's long-term, medium-term and annual import plans, if
they are to be imported by the local governments in the current year, the
enterprises may make an application to the local planning commission; upon
approval, the local department of foreign economic relations and trade
shall handle the procedures for using their products as substitutes for
similar imported products.
Article 7
Import substitution to be effected in the items below the norm to be
examined and approved by the local competent authorities (or departments):
(1) of the commodities which have already been included in the long-term,
medium-term and annual import plans of the province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government, if there are some
available for being replaced by home-made products, they may, within the
period for executing the locality's import plan, be approved in advance by
the planning commission of the province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government with reference to the
examining and approving procedures adopted by the central competent
authorities, and the aforesaid planning commission shall also handle,
within the aforesaid period, the procedures for using the home-made
products mentioned above as substitutes for similar imported commodities;
(2) with respect to those commodities which have not been included in the
localities' long-term, medium-term and annual import plans, but they are
to be imported by the local area or by some other areas, a transregional
operation may be conducted for using home-made products as substitutes for
similar imported commodities. The enterprises may make an application
directly to the planning commission of the province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government that undertakes the
import of the aforesaid commodities; after they have obtained the
approval, the department of foreign economic relations and trade of the
aforesaid province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the
Central Government shall handle the procedures for using their products as
substitutes for similar imported commodities:
(3) with respect to the commodities to be imported by some departments
with the foreign exchange in their possession, the enterprises may make an
application directly to these departments; after they have obtained the
consent of the departments, they shall go through the procedures for using
their own products as substitutes for similar commodities to be imported.
Article 8
With respect to the aforesaid products which are to be used as substitutes
for similar imported commodities as examined and approved by the planning
commission of the central competent authorities or of the local competent
authorities (or by local departments), if these products belong to the lot
of products which are to be approved in advance within the long-and
medium-term plans, they shall be further verified and confirmed in the
annual plan in accordance with the actual situation of the execution of
the import plan in the current year.
The products which have been approved as substitutes for similar imported
products shall, under equal conditions (with similar imported
commodities), be given priority of being selected for use by domestic
users.
The competent departments for imports administration and the examining and
approving departments for imports at various levels shall guide and
encourage domestic users to give priority to the purchase of the products
which are manufactured by the joint ventures and contractual ventures and
are in conformity with the conditions of products used as substitutes for
similar imported products.
Article 9
When domestic users purchase products which have been approved as
substitutes for similar imported products, the payment for such products
shall be made wholly or partially in foreign exchange to the joint
ventures and contractual ventures in accordance with the terms agreed upon
by both parties and subject to the approval of the State administrative
department of foreign exchange control.
Article 10
With respect to machinery and electrical products used as substitutes for
similar imported products, the State Economic Commission shall formulate
and publish a catalogue of products used as substitutes for similar
imported products and also the procedures for the administration of
substitution of home-made products for similar imported goods, thereby
directing the domestic users to give priority to the purchase of the
products included in the aforesaid catalogue.
The joint ventures and contractual ventures which manufacture the products
included in the aforesaid catalogue may participate in the open tender for
imported machinery and electrical equipment conducted by the China Bidding
Center for Machinery and Electrical Equipment (or by other bidding
agencies authorized by the State Economic Commission); the Center shall
issue a certificate to the enterprise which has won the tender, thereby
realizing the substitution of home-made products for similar imported
goods.
Article 11
The joint ventures and contractual ventures shall, in accordance with the
provisions of Article 4 of the Measures of the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade Concerning the Application by Enterprises
with Foreign Investment for the Export Licence, go through the procedures
for the importation of raw materials and component parts needed in the
manufacture of products used as substitutes for similar imported goods;
when the aforesaid products are supplied to domestic users, the
transaction shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of Article
5 of the Measures of the General Customs Administration of the People's
Republic of China Concerning the Importation of Raw Materials and
Component Parts Needed by Enterprises with Foreign Investment to Execute
Their Products Export Contracts.
Article 12
The joint ventures and contractual ventures which have obtained the
approval to use their products as substitutes for similar imported goods
must fulfil the following requirements:
(1) strictly fulfil the requirements for the export proportion stipulated
in the contract and the rate of progress for the replacement of imported
products with home-made ones;
(2) strive to maintain the advanced level of the technical performance and
quality of their products;
(3) deliver their products in accordance with the quantity and schedule
stipulated in the contract; in the event that the users suffer economic
losses caused by problems relating to the time of delivery, the quantity
of products delivered, and the quality of products, they shall bear the
corresponding economic liabilities;
(4) provide high-quality service to the users.
Article 13
Once the products manufactured by the joint ventures and contractual
ventures have been approved as substitutes for similar imported goods,
they shall not be included again in the State plan for the distribution of
goods and materials produced domestically.
Article 14
The right to interpret these Measures shall reside in the State Planning
Commission.
Article 15
These Measures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Appendix: Catalogue of commodities which can be replaced by home-made
products as included in the central government's import plan to be
executed during the "Seventh Five-Year Plan":
(1) steel products (2) pig iron
(3) timber (4) copper
(5) aluminium (6) zinc
(7) rubber (8) chemical fertilizers
(9) wood pulp (10) poly acrylonitrile fibre
(11)polyamide fibre (12) artificial silk
中华人民共和国同拉脱维亚共和国联合声明
中国 拉脱维亚
中华人民共和国同拉脱维亚共和国联合声明
（签订日期１９９４年１２月１９日）
应中华人民共和国主席江泽民的邀请，拉脱维亚共和国总统贡季斯·乌尔马尼斯于一九九四年十二月十八日至二十三日对中华人民共和国进行了国事访问。
中华人民共和国主席江泽民和拉脱维亚共和国总统乌尔马尼斯在友好、坦率和求实的气氛中进行了会谈。双方讨论了双边关系的现状和前景以及其他共同关心的国际问题。中华人民共和国国务院总理李鹏也同拉脱维亚共和国总统乌尔马尼斯进行了会晤。
中华人民共和国和拉脱维亚共和国（以下简称“双方”），基于加强相互了解和发展互利合作的愿望，愿意加强在平等、公正基础上的和平、安全和国际合作，重申双方恪守一九九一年九月十二日中华人民共和国和拉脱维亚共和国建交联合公报和一九九四年七月二十八日中华人民共和国和拉脱维亚共和国关于两国关系正常化的联合公报的各项基本原则，根据两国领导人北京高级会晤结果，声明如下：
一、双方相互视为友好国家，确认将按照联合国宪章，本着互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处原则及其他公认的国际法准则，发展两国关系。
二、双方将在各个级别上就双边关系以及共同感兴趣的地区及国际问题进行磋商和对话。两国议会、政府、各部门以及各社会团体之间将保持经常的接触。
三、双方将努力探讨在经济、法律、科学和技术领域进行互利合作的可能性。
四、双方将在平等互利原则基础上为经济活动创造良好的经济、金融和法律环境，并可根据需要另行缔结协议。双方将鼓励其经济实体之间的经济和贸易合作，包括在两国兴办合资企业、进行跨国合作等。两国政府将为两国间正常的经贸活动提供便利。
五、双方将扩大和丰富在文化、卫生、艺术、体育及旅游领域的合作。
六、双方认为，环境保护具有全球意义，将根据双方利益和各自具体情况，就合理使用资源和保护环境交流经验，开展合作。
七、双方将进一步发展司法协助和合作，包括引渡、移交犯人，必要时将签署有关的双边协议。
八、双方表示，反对任何形式的恐怖主义，将在打击国际恐怖主义、团伙犯罪以及武器、毒品、文物、艺术品走私方面进行合作。
九、基于互相尊重主权和领土完整的原则，拉脱维亚方面再次重申拉脱维亚政府在一九九一年九月十二日中华人民共和国和拉脱维亚共和国建交联合公报和一九九四年七月二十八日中华人民共和国和拉脱维亚共和国关于两国关系正常化的联合公报中阐述的有关台湾问题的立场。
中华人民共和国政府重申，支持拉脱维亚共和国政府发展国家经济的努力。
十、双方表示，愿意根据联合国宪章和公认的国际法准则，在联合国和其他国际组织内加强合作。
十一、双方重申，将继续致力于维护各地区及全世界的和平与稳定，并主张根据公认的国际法准则建立公正、合理的国际政治、经济新秩序。
十二、尽管两国在意识形态、社会制度等方面存在差异，但双方一致愿意进一步发展合作，以建立起良好的国与国之间的关系。
十三、双方主张在平等互利的基础上，根据《维也纳外交关系公约》和《维也纳领事关系公约》的规定及国际惯例，互相为对方在其外交代表履行职务方面提供必要的协助。
十四、双方确认，本声明不针对第三国，也不涉及双方同其他国家签订的双边和多边条约所规定的权利和义务。
中华人民共和国代表 拉脱维亚共和国代表
江泽民 贡季斯·乌尔马尼斯
（签字） （签字）
一九九四年十二月十九日于北京